Wi-Fi Penetration Testing : From A to Z with most useful Techniques and tools.

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Penetration Testing of WiFi Networks

WiFi penetration testing is a structured approach to assess the security of wireless networks. The primary goals include discovering accessible networks, identifying security weaknesses, and testing network protections like password strength. Here’s a breakdown of key steps: discovery, deauthentication (deauth), and handshake capture.


Best 10 Penetration Testing Tools:-

            1.  Aircrack-ng
            2. Kismet
            3. Wireshark
            4. Reaver
            5. Wifite
            6. Fern WiFi Cracker
            7. Hashcat
            8. Bettercap
            9. NetStumbler
            10. Cowpatty

1. Discovery

  • Purpose: The discovery phase is essential for identifying all available WiFi networks and connected devices within range. This process gathers critical information such as SSIDs (network names), MAC addresses, channel usage, signal strength, and security protocols (e.g., WPA2, WPA3). Knowing these details allows the tester to determine the network’s configuration and the potential attack surface.
  • Tools: Tools like Kismet, Airodump-ng, and NetStumbler can scan and display information about WiFi networks. They help map out the network environment and reveal which devices and access points are accessible, along with their security types.

2. Deauthentication (Deauth)

  • Purpose: Deauthentication is used to force a client (such as a phone or laptop) to disconnect temporarily from the WiFi network. This tactic is often used to trigger reauthentication, especially when capturing WPA/WPA2 handshake data. By disrupting connections, deauth provides an opportunity to intercept the handshake, which is critical for testing password strength.
  • Tools: Aireplay-ng and Bettercap are popular tools for executing deauth attacks by sending deauth packets to devices on the network.
  • Method: The deauth tool sends packets that prompt targeted devices or access points to disconnect. Devices will then attempt to reconnect, offering a chance to capture the handshake data.

3. Handshake Capture

  • Purpose: Capturing the handshake is a crucial step for gaining the data needed to attempt offline cracking of WPA/WPA2 passwords. When a device reconnects to a network, it exchanges encrypted keys in a four-way handshake with the router. Capturing this handshake allows testers to analyze and test the strength of the WiFi password offline.
  • Tools: Airodump-ng is often used to capture handshake packets, while Aircrack-ng or Hashcat are used to attempt cracking the password from this data.
  • Method: During reconnection, the handshake packets are intercepted and saved for offline analysis. Cracking tools can then attempt to reveal the password, providing insight into the network's security robustness.

These three steps—discovery, deauth, and handshake capture—form a core workflow for WiFi penetration testing, giving insight into network vulnerabilities and security defenses.

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